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POPULAR TEXTILE FIBRES AND THEIR PROPERTIES
..Fibres are the basic components
of textiles. A fibre is like hair - a pliable strand having a minute diameter
in relation to its length.
..A fibre is made into a yarn which in turn is made into a fabric by various
methods. No single fibre has the capacity to meet all the qualifications;
hence sometimes, different fibres are combined to achieve or enhance particular
qualities, such as resistance to fading, resistance to abrasion, reaction
to different chemicals, strength, absorbency, capability of being dyed
in different colours, shape retention, etc.
..In other words, fibre yarn, method of textile construction and finishes
are all interdependent and together give the finished product its final
distinguishing character. It also means that certain fabrics will give
outstanding service and customer satisfaction in some application, but
may be unsuitable in other applications. Fibres are made either from natural
ingredients or are man-made.
| NATURAL: |
1. Plant
- Cotton, Linen, Jute, Ramie
2. Animal - Wool, Silk
3. Mineral - Asbestos, Metallic
|
| MAN-MADE: |
1. Cellulose
- Rayon, Acetate, Triacetate
2. Synthetic - Polyester, Acrylic, Nylon, Modacrylic, Olefin
etc.
|
NATURAL FIBRES:
COTTON - It is the most important natural fibre for use in textiles
whether alone or blended with other fibres. One example is cotton polyester.
Cotton generally wears well in drapery (print or plain).
Drapability:
Colour Fastness:
Sun Resistance:
Abrasion Resistance:
Sagging:
Resiliency:
Care:
|
Excellent hang, soft hand
Good, vat dyes best
Excellent, does not sun rot
Excellent
Does not stretch, except when wet
Poor, packs easily, wrinkles easily, very absorbent, burns
Can be washed but professional dry cleaning is recommended for
draperies
|
LINEN OR FLAX - Almost always is blended with cotton, rayon or
other fibres to improve wrinkle resistance quality. Linens are good in
plain and casement fabric.
Drapability:
Colour Fastness:
Sun Resistance:
Abrasion Resistance:
Sagging:
Resiliency:
Care:
|
Good hang, but not as soft as cotton
Good to poor, prints do not hold their colour as well as plain
fabrics
Excellent, does not sun rot
Excellent
Strong, does not stretch
Poor, packs badly, does wrinkle
Dry clean
|
WOOL - There is virtually none used in drapery fabric.
SILK - Silk, though, very rich looking is not used too much in
draperies mainly because of the cost and sun rot. Lining is very essential
with silk fabrics.
Drapability:
Colour Fastness:
Sun Resistance:
Abrasion Resistance:
Sagging:
Resiliency:
Care:
|
Good hang, medium to soft hand
Good
Poor, rots in short time, lining helps
Good
Strong, does not sag
Good, does not pack badly
Dry clean
|
MAN MADE:
ACETATE - An important fibre for drapery fabrics, often blended
with rayon or cotton for the excellent dying characteristics of those
fibres.
Drapability:
Colour Fastness:
Sun Resistance:
Abrasion Resistance:
Sagging:
Resiliency:
Care:
|
Good hand, soft hand
Good (solution dyed)
Good, not as good as cotton and linen
Good, but not as good as cotton or nylon
Poor stretches in loose yarns, but alright in tight woven fabrics.
Good, does not pack, wrinkles less than cotton or linen
Dry clean
|
ACRYLIC - Today acrylic is coming as a popular blend in casement
fabrics. It creates bulk without weight, adds versatility to surface texturing
and can be dyed in brilliant colours. It also pleats well and retains
its shape.
Drapability:
Colour Fastness:
Sun Resistance:
Abrasion Resistance:
Sagging:
Resiliency:
Care:
|
Excellent, very soft hand
Excellent if solution dyed
Excellent, good as cotton and linen
Good
Very good, does not stretch
Very good, does not pack and wrinkle free
Dry clean
|
NYLON - Nylon blends well with other fibres and is a component
of many fabrics. It is frequently used in upholstery fabrics because of
its strength and abrasion resistance, but not much in drapery fabrics.
Drapability:
Colour Fastness:
Sun Resistance:
Abrasion Resistance:
Sagging:
Resiliency:
Care:
|
Good, soft to stiff hand, not as soft as polyesters
Good to excellent
Poor
Excellent
Excellent, does not sag
Excellent, does not pack, wrinkle free
Dry clean
|
POLYESTER - Polyester blends well with cotton and rayon and has
good resistance to fading. It is also a fibre with excellent wash and
wear quality, wrinkle resistance as well as strength and abrasion resistance
quality. Most of the sheers are made with 100% polyester fibres.
Drapability:
Colour Fastness:
Sun Resistance:
Abrasion Resistance:
Sagging:
Resiliency:
Care:
|
Excellent hang, very soft hand
Good to excellent
Excellent
Good, sheers must be handled with care. Fabric can be bruised.
Excellent, does not sag
Good to excellent, does not pack, wrinkle free
Hand wash and hang dry
|
RAYON - This strong inexpensive fibre is the oldest and most widely
used of all man-made fibres. It blends well with most other fibres especially
cotton, acetate and linen; and can be dyed in an unlimited range of colours.
It is blended with acetate and sometimes cotton to make antique satin.
It is used frequently as a drapery fabric.
Drapability:
Colour Fastness:
Sun Resistance:
Abrasion Resistance:
Sagging:
Resiliency:
Care:
|
Good hang, soft hand
Good to excellent (solution dyed)
Good, but not as good as cotton or linen
Good, but not as good as cotton or nylon.
Poor, stretches in loose yarns, but alright in tight woven fabrics
Good, does not pack, wrinkles less than cotton or linen
Dry clean
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